Pros, Cons, and What Every Parent Should Know Before Filing
If you’re a parent in the U.S. on a J-1 visa, and your child is here under a J-2 dependent visa, a critical question comes up as they prepare for college:
Should they change their status to an F-1 student visa?
The short answer: It depends on their goals—but in many cases, yes.
This blog walks you through the benefits, disadvantages, and even life after graduation so you can make a fully informed decision.
✅ The Advantages of Switching from J-2 to F-1
1. Meets University Requirements
Most U.S. colleges and universities require F-1 visa status for full-time international students.
2. OPT Work Opportunities
F-1 students are eligible for Optional Practical Training (OPT)—up to 12 months of full-time work after graduation, or up to 36 months for STEM majors.
3. Independence from Your J-1 Visa
F-1 status allows your child to stay and continue studying even if your J-1 program ends or you return home.
4. Avoids the 212(e) Rule
F-1 visa holders are not subject to the 2-year home residency requirement, unlike many J-2 dependents.
5. Clearer Path to Work or Stay Long-Term
Graduating under F-1 can lead to smoother transitions to H-1B work visas or even a green card under the right circumstances.
⚠️ The Disadvantages You Should Consider
1. No Off-Campus Work in Year 1
F-1 students can only work on-campus their first year, and even then, for limited hours.
2. Higher Financial Burden
Applicants must prove the ability to pay full tuition and living expenses—often $20,000–$40,000/year or more.
3. Loses J-2 Work Flexibility
Some J-2 dependents qualify for work authorization via EAD. Switching to F-1 removes that option.
4. No International Travel While COS Is Pending
If filing a Change of Status (Form I-539) inside the U.S., your child cannot leave the U.S. during the process—or it will be canceled.
5. Strict Immigration Rules
F-1 status comes with strict full-time study and reporting requirements. Falling out of status can risk removal.
🎓 What Happens After Graduation?
Changing to an F-1 visa isn’t just about studying—it’s also about preparing for what comes next.
Here are a few possible paths:
✅ 1. OPT (Optional Practical Training)
- Up to 12 months of full-time work in a field related to their degree
- STEM majors may apply for an extra 24 months, totaling 36 months
🔹 OPT is a popular bridge to gain U.S. work experience or transition to another visa
✅ 2. H-1B Work Visa
- If your child gets a job offer from a U.S. employer, they may sponsor them for an H-1B visa
- It allows professional work for up to 6 years (in 3-year increments)
🗓 H-1B applications usually follow a lottery system and must be filed in March–April
✅ 3. Green Card Options
Depending on the field, career, or achievements, your child may later qualify for:
- National Interest Waiver (NIW)
- Employment-based Green Cards (EB-2/EB-3)
- Marriage-based Green Card if applicable
Some students even go on to pursue graduate school or change to another visa type to continue building U.S. experience.
📝 What You’ll Need to Apply for the Change
- Valid Form I-20 from an approved school
- Financial evidence (bank statements, sponsor affidavits, etc.)
- Strong personal statement
- Form I-539 with $370 filing fee + $85 biometrics fee
- Valid passport, J-2 documents, I-94, and current visa copy
Processing time: 2–4 months. It’s best to apply early.
Think about it!
The F-1 visa opens more than just a door to college—it opens the entire hallway of opportunity.
From OPT work to H-1B sponsorship, and even long-term stay options, changing to F-1 helps your child build a future that’s independent, stable, and full of potential.
But make no mistake—it’s not automatic. The change comes with new responsibilities, financial requirements, and paperwork.
Start early. Ask questions. And when you’re ready, we can guide you through every step.
📩 Need support for your child’s Change of Status to F-1?
Email us: apply@teach-usa.net
Subject: J2 to F1 Change of Status